Overview
Dynamic variables allow you to personalize emails for individual contacts and create advanced AI research by leveraging Apollo's data, and, in the case of custom dynamic variables, your own data research. By adding basic dynamic variables to your email template or to AI research prompts, you can automatically add details such as contact names, the time of day, and research about contact companies to your text.
Check out the following sections to learn more about basic dynamic variables.
Back to TopUse a Basic Dynamic Variable in an Email Template
To use a basic dynamic variable in an email template:
- Launch Apollo and click Sequences.
- Create a sequence or click an existing sequence.
- Click or add an email step.
- Click { } in the email template where you want to add a basic dynamic variable.
- Select the dynamic variable you want to use.
- Add more dynamic variables or edit the email as necessary, then select a contact to preview on a real prospect.
If data isn't available for a contact, the preview highlights the dynamic variable in red to indicate an error.
Dynamic variables without any data for a specific contact may result in Apollo moving the email for the contact to the not sent folder. To avoid this scenario, use conditional logic operators with advanced dynamic variables.
- If you want to use the dynamic variable in the subject line for your email template, cut and paste it into the subject.
- When finished, click Save.
You have now used a basic dynamic variable in an email template.
Back to TopUse a Basic Dynamic Variable in AI research
To use a basic dynamic variable in AI research:
- Launch Apollo and click People or Companies.
- Click Run AI research, then select a template or create a custom AI research.
- Click { } and select a field to add it as a custom dynamic variable to the AI prompt.
Wondering how to write great AI prompts? Check out AI Prompt Best Practices.
You have now used a basic dynamic variable in AI research.
Back to TopBasic Dynamic Variable Glossary
Basic dynamic variables help you personalize emails and AI research prompts with Apollo data.
Depending on how long you've been using Apollo, you may see legacy variables in older email templates. While Apollo maintains backwards compatibility for some legacy variables, Apollo recommends using the up-to-date variables listed in the following glossary.
Basic dynamic variables are organized into the following categories:
- Contact variables
- Contact phone variables
- Company and account variables
- Sender and user variables
- Time variables
- Signal and personalization variables
- Legacy variables
Contact variables
Use contact variables to personalize your message with details about the person you're contacting.
| Dynamic variable | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
{{contact.first_name}} |
Displays the contact's first name when available. | John |
{{contact.last_name}} |
Displays the contact's last name when available. | Smith |
{{contact.name}} |
Displays the contact's full name when available. | John Smith |
{{contact.title}} |
Displays the contact's job title when available. | Marketing director |
{{contact.seniority}} |
Displays the contact's seniority level when available. | Director |
{{contact.department}} |
Displays the contact's department when available. | Marketing |
{{contact.email}} |
Displays the contact's email address when available. | recipient@domain.com |
{{contact.phone}} |
Displays the contact's phone number when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
{{contact.city}} |
Displays the contact's city when available. | Boston |
{{contact.state}} |
Displays the contact's state when available. | Massachusetts |
{{contact.country}} |
Displays the contact's country when available. | United States |
{{contact.time_zone}} |
Displays the contact's time zone when available. | Eastern Time |
{{contact.location}} |
Displays the contact's full location when available. | Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
{{contact.linkedin_url}} |
Displays the contact's LinkedIn URL when available. | https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsmith |
{{contact.company_city}} |
Displays the city where the contact's company is located when available. | San Francisco |
{{contact.company_state}} |
Displays the state where the contact's company is located when available. | California |
{{contact.company_country}} |
Displays the country where the contact's company is located when available. | United States |
{{contact.company_location}} |
Displays the full location for the contact's company when available. | San Francisco, California, United States |
{{contact.company_street_address}} |
Displays the street address for the contact's company when available. | 123 Market Street |
Contact phone variables
Use contact phone variables to personalize your message with specific phone number types when available.
| Dynamic variable | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
{{contact.primary_number}} |
Displays the contact's primary phone number when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
{{contact.work_number}} |
Displays the contact's work phone number when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
{{contact.corporate_number}} |
Displays the contact's corporate phone number when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
{{contact.mobile_number}} |
Displays the contact's mobile phone number when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
{{contact.home_number}} |
Displays the contact's home phone number when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
{{contact.other_number}} |
Displays another phone number for the contact when available. | 1 555 123 4567 |
Company and account variables
Use company and account variables to personalize your message with details about the contact's company or saved account.
| Dynamic variable | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
{{organization_name}} |
Displays the organization name when available. | Apollo |
{{company_name}} |
Displays the company name when available. | Apollo |
{{company}} |
Displays the company name when available. | Apollo |
{{company_unprocessed_name}} |
Displays the full company name when available. | Apollo, Inc. |
{{domain}} |
Displays the company domain when available. | apollo.io |
{{account.name}} |
Displays the account name when available. | Apollo |
{{account.domain}} |
Displays the account domain when available. | apollo.io |
{{account.website_url}} |
Displays the account website URL when available. | https://www.apollo.io |
{{account.number_of_employees}} |
Displays the number of employees at the account when available. | 1,500 |
{{company_size}} |
Displays the number of people who work at the company when available. | 1,500 |
{{industry}} |
Displays the company's industry when available. | Computer software |
{{vertical}} |
Displays the company's vertical when available. | Cloud computing |
{{company_revenue}} |
Displays the company's revenue when available. | $100M |
{{latest_funding_type}} |
Displays the company's latest funding stage when available. | Series C |
{{job_opening_count}} |
Displays the number of open jobs at the company when available. | 25 |
{{company_location_city}} |
Displays the city where the company is located when available. | San Francisco |
{{company_location_state}} |
Displays the state where the company is located when available. | California |
{{company_location_country}} |
Displays the country where the company is located when available. | United States |
{{primary_intent_signal}} |
Displays the saved buying intent topic with the highest ranking score for your team. | Performance marketing |
{{secondary_intent_signal}} |
Displays the saved buying intent topic with the second highest ranking score for your team. | Modern marketing |
{{company_scraped_info}} |
Displays scraped company information when available. | Apollo helps teams find, contact, and close their ideal buyers. |
{{account.processed_company_name_for_email}} |
Displays the processed account name formatted for email personalization when available. | Apollo |
Sender and user variables
Use sender and user variables to personalize your message with information about the person sending the email.
| Dynamic variable | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
{{sender_first_name}} |
Displays the sender's first name when available. | David |
{{sender_last_name}} |
Displays the sender's last name when available. | Smith |
{{sender_email}} |
Displays the sender's email address when available. | user@apollo.io |
{{sender_company_url}} |
Displays the sender's company URL when available. | https://www.apollo.io |
{{user_first_name}} |
Displays the user's first name when available. | David |
{{user_last_name}} |
Displays the user's last name when available. | Smith |
{{opt_out_message}} |
Displays the unsubscribe message defined in your account's email settings. Check out Configure Your Unsubscribe Email Link to learn more. | If you don't want to receive emails from me anymore, let me know. |
Time variables
Use time variables to personalize your message with the current date or time.
| Dynamic variable | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
{{now_day}} |
Displays the current day of the month. | 15 |
{{now_month}} |
Displays the current month. | September |
{{now_weekday}} |
Displays the current day of the week. | Wednesday |
{{now_year}} |
Displays the current year. | 2026 |
{{now_time_of_day}} |
Displays the current phase of the day. | Morning |
{{weekday}} |
Displays the current day of the week. | Wednesday |
{{time_of_day}} |
Displays the current phase of the day. | Morning |
Signal and personalization variables
Use signal and personalization variables to personalize your message with career, education, and company details when available.
| Dynamic variable | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
{{duration_at_current_job_years}} |
Displays how many years the contact has been in their current role when available. | Three |
{{duration_at_current_job_months}} |
Displays how many months the contact has been in their current role when available. | Six |
{{current_job_start_date}} |
Displays the contact's current job start date when available. | Jan 2023 |
{{school_name}} |
Displays the contact's school name when available. | University of California, Berkeley |
{{education}} |
Displays the contact's education details when available. | University of California, Berkeley |
{{headline}} |
Displays the contact's headline when available. | Marketing leader helping teams grow revenue |
{{summary}} |
Displays the contact's summary when available. | Experienced marketing leader focused on demand generation. |
{{graduation_year}} |
Displays the contact's graduation year when available. | 2018 |
{{years_since_graduated}} |
Displays the number of years since the contact graduated when available. | Eight |
{{company_description}} |
Displays the company description when available. | Apollo helps teams find, contact, and close their ideal buyers. |
Legacy variables
You may see the following variables in older email templates. Apollo still supports these variables, but Apollo recommends using the updated variables for new email templates and AI research prompts.
| Legacy variable | Recommended variable | Description |
|---|---|---|
{{first_name}} |
{{contact.first_name}} |
Use the recommended variable for new templates and prompts. |
{{last_name}} |
{{contact.last_name}} |
Use the recommended variable for new templates and prompts. |
{{email}} |
{{contact.email}} |
Use the recommended variable for new templates and prompts. |
{{phone}} |
{{contact.phone}} |
Use the recommended variable for new templates and prompts. |
{{title}} |
{{contact.title}} |
Use the recommended variable for new templates and prompts. |
Next Steps
Want to keep personalizing at scale? These resources help you turn dynamic variables into sharper emails, stronger AI research, and cleaner outreach workflows.
| Use Custom Dynamic Variables | Need personalization beyond Apollo’s default fields? Use custom dynamic variables to pull your own custom field data into emails, sequences, and AI research. |
|---|---|
| Use Advanced Dynamic Variables | Protect your team from blank fields and awkward send errors when you use advanced dynamic variables to add fallback text and conditional logic to your messaging. |
| Create and Use Email Templates | Turn your best messaging into reusable outreach when you create and use email templates to standardize emails, preview personalization, and help your team move faster. |
| AI Research Overview | Give your team richer prospect context when you run AI research to generate insights you can filter, save, and use as dynamic variables in outreach. |
| AI Prompt Best Practices | Get better outputs from every prompt when you write stronger AI prompts to steer research, personalize messaging, and keep your results focused. |